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<html> <head> </head> <body> <pre>
SENDMAIL(1) SENDMAIL(1)
<b>NAME</b>
sendmail - Postfix to Sendmail compatibility interface
<b>SYNOPSIS</b>
<b>sendmail</b> [<i>option</i> <i>...</i>] [<i>recipient</i> <i>...</i>]
<b>mailq</b>
<b>sendmail</b> <b>-bp</b>
<b>newaliases</b>
<b>sendmail</b> <b>-I</b>
<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
The <b>sendmail</b> program implements the Postfix to Sendmail
compatibility interface. For the sake of compatibility
with existing applications, some Sendmail command-line
options are recognized but silently ignored.
By default, <b>sendmail</b> reads a message from standard input
until EOF or until it reads a line with only a <b>.</b> charac-
ter, and arranges for delivery. <b>sendmail</b> relies on the
<a href="postdrop.1.html"><b>postdrop</b>(1)</a> command to create a queue file in the <b>maildrop</b>
directory.
Specific command aliases are provided for other common
modes of operation:
<b>mailq</b> List the mail queue. Each entry shows the queue
file ID, message size, arrival time, sender, and
the recipients that still need to be delivered. If
mail could not be delivered upon the last attempt,
the reason for failure is shown. This mode of oper-
ation is implemented by executing the <a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a>
command.
<b>newaliases</b>
Initialize the alias database. If no input file is
specified (with the <b>-oA</b> option, see below), the
program processes the file(s) specified with the
<b>alias</b><i>_</i><b>database</b> configuration parameter. If no
alias database type is specified, the program uses
the type specified with the <b>default</b><i>_</i><b>database</b><i>_</i><b>type</b>
configuration parameter. This mode of operation is
implemented by running the <a href="postalias.1.html"><b>postalias</b>(1)</a> command.
Note: it may take a minute or so before an alias
database update becomes visible. Use the <b>postfix</b>
<b>reload</b> command to eliminate this delay.
These and other features can be selected by specifying the
appropriate combination of command-line options. Some fea-
tures are controlled by parameters in the <b>main.cf</b> configu-
ration file.
The following options are recognized:
<b>-Am</b> (ignored)
<b>-Ac</b> (ignored)
Postfix sendmail uses the same configuration file
regardless of whether or not a message is an ini-
tial submission.
<b>-B</b> <i>body_type</i>
The message body MIME type: <b>7BIT</b> or <b>8BITMIME</b>.
<b>-C</b> <i>config_file</i> (ignored :-)
The path name of the <b>sendmail.cf</b> file. Postfix con-
figuration files are kept in <b>/etc/postfix</b>.
<b>-F</b> <i>full_name</i>
Set the sender full name. This is used only with
messages that have no <b>From:</b> message header.
<b>-G</b> (ignored)
Gateway (relay) submission, as opposed to initial
user submission.
<b>-I</b> Initialize alias database. See the <b>newaliases</b> com-
mand above.
<b>-L</b> <i>label</i> (ignored)
The logging label. Use the <b>syslog</b><i>_</i><b>name</b> configura-
tion parameter instead.
<b>-N</b> <i>dsn</i> (ignored)
Delivery status notification control. Currently,
Postfix does not implement <b>DSN</b>.
<b>-R</b> <i>return_limit</i> (ignored)
Limit the size of bounced mail. Use the
<b>bounce</b><i>_</i><b>size</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b> configuration parameter instead.
<b>-X</b> <i>log_file</i> (ignored)
Log mailer traffic. Use the <b>debug</b><i>_</i><b>peer</b><i>_</i><b>list</b> and
<b>debug</b><i>_</i><b>peer</b><i>_</i><b>level</b> configuration parameters instead.
<b>-U</b> (ignored)
Initial user submission.
<b>-V</b> Variable Envelope Return Path. Given an envelope
sender address of the form <i>owner-listname</i>@<i>origin</i>,
each recipient <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i> receives mail with a
personalized envelope sender address.
By default, the personalized envelope sender
address is <i>owner-listname</i><b>+</b><i>user</i><b>=</b><i>domain</i>@<i>origin</i>. The
default <b>+</b> and <b>=</b> characters are configurable with
the <b>default</b><i>_</i><b>verp</b><i>_</i><b>delimiters</b> configuration parame-
ter.
<b>-V</b><i>xy</i> As <b>-V</b>, but uses <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> as the VERP delimiter char-
acters, instead of the characters specified with
the <b>default</b><i>_</i><b>verp</b><i>_</i><b>delimiters</b> configuration parame-
ter.
<b>-bd</b> Go into daemon mode. This mode of operation is
implemented by executing the <b>postfix</b> <b>start</b> command.
<b>-bi</b> Initialize alias database. See the <b>newaliases</b> com-
mand above.
<b>-bm</b> Read mail from standard input and arrange for
delivery. This is the default mode of operation.
<b>-bp</b> List the mail queue. See the <b>mailq</b> command above.
<b>-bs</b> Stand-alone SMTP server mode. Read SMTP commands
from standard input, and write responses to stan-
dard output. In stand-alone SMTP server mode, UCE
restrictions and access controls are disabled by
default. To enable them, run the process as the
<b>mail</b><i>_</i><b>owner</b> user.
This mode of operation is implemented by running
the <a href="smtpd.8.html"><b>smtpd</b>(8)</a> daemon.
<b>-f</b> <i>sender</i>
Set the envelope sender address. This is the
address where delivery problems are sent to, unless
the message contains an <b>Errors-To:</b> message header.
<b>-h</b> <i>hop_count</i> (ignored)
Hop count limit. Use the <b>hopcount</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b> configura-
tion parameter instead.
<b>-i</b> When reading a message from standard input, don't
treat a line with only a <b>.</b> character as the end of
input.
<b>-m</b> (ignored)
Backwards compatibility.
<b>-n</b> (ignored)
Backwards compatibility.
<b>-oA</b><i>alias_database</i>
Non-default alias database. Specify <i>pathname</i> or
<i>type</i>:<i>pathname</i>. See <a href="postalias.1.html"><b>postalias</b>(1)</a> for details.
<b>-o7</b> (ignored)
<b>-o8</b> (ignored)
To send 8-bit or binary content, use an appropriate
MIME encapsulation and specify the appropriate <b>-B</b>
command-line option.
<b>-oi</b> When reading a message from standard input, don't
treat a line with only a <b>.</b> character as the end of
input.
<b>-om</b> (ignored)
The sender is never eliminated from alias etc.
expansions.
<b>-o</b> <i>x</i> <i>value</i> (ignored)
Set option <i>x</i> to <i>value</i>. Use the equivalent configu-
ration parameter in <b>main.cf</b> instead.
<b>-r</b> <i>sender</i>
Set the envelope sender address. This is the
address where delivery problems are sent to, unless
the message contains an <b>Errors-To:</b> message header.
<b>-q</b> Attempt to deliver all queued mail. This is imple-
mented by executing the <a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a> command.
<b>-q</b><i>interval</i> (ignored)
The interval between queue runs. Use the
<b>queue</b><i>_</i><b>run</b><i>_</i><b>delay</b> configuration parameter instead.
<b>-qR</b><i>site</i>
Schedule immediate delivery of all mail that is
queued for the named <i>site</i>. This option accepts only
<i>site</i> names that are eligible for the "fast flush"
service, and is implemented by executing the
<a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a> command. See <a href="flush.8.html"><b>flush</b>(8)</a> for more infor-
mation about the "fast flush" service.
<b>-qS</b><i>site</i>
This command is not implemented. Use the slower
<b>sendmail</b> <b>-q</b> command instead.
<b>-t</b> Extract recipients from message headers. This
requires that no recipients be specified on the
command line.
<b>-v</b> Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Mul-
tiple <b>-v</b> options make the software increasingly
verbose. For compatibility with mailx and other
mail submission software, a single <b>-v</b> option pro-
duces no output.
<b>SECURITY</b>
By design, this program is not set-user (or group) id.
However, it must handle data from untrusted users or
untrusted machines. Thus, the usual precautions need to
be taken against malicious inputs.
<b>DIAGNOSTICS</b>
Problems are logged to <b>syslogd</b>(8) and to the standard
error stream.
<b>ENVIRONMENT</b>
<b>MAIL</b><i>_</i><b>CONFIG</b>
Directory with Postfix configuration files.
<b>MAIL</b><i>_</i><b>VERBOSE</b>
Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes.
<b>MAIL</b><i>_</i><b>DEBUG</b>
Enable debugging with an external command, as spec-
ified with the <b>debugger</b><i>_</i><b>command</b> configuration
parameter.
<b>FILES</b>
/var/spool/postfix, mail queue
/etc/postfix, configuration files
<b>CONFIGURATION</b> <b>PARAMETERS</b>
See the Postfix <b>main.cf</b> file for syntax details and for
default values. Use the <b>postfix</b> <b>reload</b> command after a
configuration change.
<b>alias</b><i>_</i><b>database</b>
Default alias database(s) for <b>newaliases</b>. The
default value for this parameter is system-spe-
cific.
<b>bounce</b><i>_</i><b>size</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b>
The amount of original message context that is sent
along with a non-delivery notification.
<b>default</b><i>_</i><b>database</b><i>_</i><b>type</b>
Default alias etc. database type. On many UNIX sys-
tems the default type is either <b>dbm</b> or <b>hash</b>.
<b>debugger</b><i>_</i><b>command</b>
Command that is executed after a Postfix daemon has
initialized.
<b>debug</b><i>_</i><b>peer</b><i>_</i><b>level</b>
Increment in verbose logging level when a remote
host matches a pattern in the <b>debug</b><i>_</i><b>peer</b><i>_</i><b>list</b>
parameter.
<b>debug</b><i>_</i><b>peer</b><i>_</i><b>list</b>
List of domain or network patterns. When a remote
host matches a pattern, increase the verbose log-
ging level by the amount specified in the
<b>debug</b><i>_</i><b>peer</b><i>_</i><b>level</b> parameter.
<b>default</b><i>_</i><b>verp</b><i>_</i><b>delimiters</b>
The VERP delimiter characters that are used when
the <b>-V</b> command line option is specified without
delimiter characters.
<b>fast</b><i>_</i><b>flush</b><i>_</i><b>domains</b>
List of domains that will receive "fast flush" ser-
vice (default: all domains that this system is
willing to relay mail to). This list specifies the
domains that Postfix accepts in the SMTP <b>ETRN</b>
request and in the <b>sendmail</b> <b>-qR</b> command.
<b>fork</b><i>_</i><b>attempts</b>
Number of attempts to <b>fork</b>() a process before giv-
ing up.
<b>fork</b><i>_</i><b>delay</b>
Delay in seconds between successive <b>fork</b>()
attempts.
<b>hopcount</b><i>_</i><b>limit</b>
Limit the number of <b>Received:</b> message headers.
<b>mail</b><i>_</i><b>owner</b>
The owner of the mail queue and of most Postfix
processes.
<b>command</b><i>_</i><b>directory</b>
Directory with Postfix support commands.
<b>daemon</b><i>_</i><b>directory</b>
Directory with Postfix daemon programs.
<b>queue</b><i>_</i><b>directory</b>
Top-level directory of the Postfix queue. This is
also the root directory of Postfix daemons that run
chrooted.
<b>queue</b><i>_</i><b>run</b><i>_</i><b>delay</b>
The time between successive scans of the deferred
queue.
<b>verp</b><i>_</i><b>delimiter</b><i>_</i><b>filter</b>
The characters that Postfix accepts as VERP delim-
iter characters.
<b>SEE</b> <b>ALSO</b>
<a href="pickup.8.html">pickup(8)</a> mail pickup daemon
<a href="postsuper.1.html">postsuper(1)</a> queue maintenance
<a href="postalias.1.html">postalias(1)</a> maintain alias database
<a href="postdrop.1.html">postdrop(1)</a> mail posting utility
<a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> mail system control
<a href="postqueue.1.html">postqueue(1)</a> mail queue control
<a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a> queue manager
<a href="smtpd.8.html">smtpd(8)</a> SMTP server
<a href="flush.8.html">flush(8)</a> fast flush service
syslogd(8) system logging
<b>LICENSE</b>
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this
software.
<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
SENDMAIL(1)
</pre> </body> </html>
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