summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/lib/libpthread/pthread_cond.3
blob: 0091ab95314a546eb2f247495c6b271f7faf8dff (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
.\" $NetBSD: pthread_cond.3,v 1.9 2018/07/28 14:00:19 kre Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2002, 2008 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1997 Brian Cully <shmit@kublai.com>
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the author nor the names of any co-contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JOHN BIRRELL AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
.Dd July 8, 2010
.Dt PTHREAD_COND 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm pthread_cond ,
.Nm pthread_cond_init ,
.Nm pthread_cond_destroy ,
.Nm pthread_cond_broadcast ,
.Nm pthread_cond_signal ,
.Nm pthread_cond_wait ,
.Nm pthread_cond_timedwait
.Nd condition variable interface
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libpthread
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In pthread.h
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_cond_init "pthread_cond_t * restrict cond" \
"const pthread_condattr_t * restrict attr"
.Vt pthread_cond_t cond No = Dv PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER ;
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_cond_destroy "pthread_cond_t *cond"
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_cond_broadcast "pthread_cond_t *cond"
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_cond_signal "pthread_cond_t *cond"
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_cond_wait "pthread_cond_t * restrict cond" \
"pthread_mutex_t * restrict mutex"
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_cond_timedwait "pthread_cond_t * restrict cond" \
"pthread_mutex_t * restrict mutex" "const struct timespec * restrict abstime"
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh DESCRIPTION
Condition variables are intended to be used to communicate changes in
the state of data shared between threads.
Condition variables are always associated with a mutex to provide
synchronized access to the shared data.
A single predicate should always be associated with a
condition variable.
The predicate should identify a state of the
shared data that must be true before the thread proceeds.
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_cond_init
function creates a new condition variable, with attributes specified with
.Fa attr .
If
.Fa attr
is
.Dv NULL
the default attributes are used.
The
.Fn pthread_cond_destroy
function frees the resources allocated by the condition variable
.Fa cond .
.Pp
The macro
.Dv PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER
can be used to initialize a condition variable when it can be statically
allocated and the default attributes are appropriate.
The effect is similar to calling
.Fn pthread_cond_init
with
.Fa attr
specified as
.Dv NULL ,
except that no error checking is done.
.Pp
.\" -----
The difference between
.Fn pthread_cond_broadcast
and
.Fn pthread_cond_signal
is that the former unblocks all threads waiting for the condition variable,
whereas the latter unblocks only one waiting thread.
If no threads are waiting on
.Fa cond ,
neither function has any effect.
If more than one thread is blocked on a condition variable,
the used scheduling policy determines the order in which threads are unblocked.
The same mutex used for waiting must be held while calling either function.
Although neither function strictly enforces this requirement,
undefined behavior may follow if the mutex is not held.
.Pp
.\" -----
The
.Fn pthread_cond_wait
function atomically blocks the current thread waiting on the condition
variable specified by
.Fa cond ,
and unlocks the mutex specified by
.Fa mutex .
The
.Fn pthread_cond_timedwait
function behaves similarly, but unblocks also
if the system time reaches the time specified in
.Fa abstime ,
represented as
.Em struct timespec
(see
.Xr timespec 3 ) .
With both functions the waiting thread unblocks after another thread calls
.Fn pthread_cond_signal
or
.Fn pthread_cond_broadcast
with the same condition variable and by holding the same
.Fa mutex
that was associated with
.Fa cond
by either one of the blocking functions.
The current thread holds the lock on
.Fa mutex
upon return from either function.
.\" -----
.Pp
Note that a call to
.Fn pthread_cond_wait
or
.Fn pthread_cond_timedwait
may wake up spontaneously, without a call to
.Fn pthread_cond_signal
or
.Fn pthread_cond_broadcast .
The caller should prepare for this by invoking either function
within a predicate loop that tests whether the thread should proceed.
.Pp
.\" -----
As noted, when calling either function that waits on a condition variable,
a temporary binding is established between the condition variable
.Fa cond
and the mutex
.Fa mutex .
During this time, the effect of an attempt by any thread to wait on
that condition variable using a different mutex is undefined.
The same mutex must be held while broadcasting or signaling on
.Fa cond .
Additionally, the same mutex must be used for concurrent calls to
.Fn pthread_cond_wait
and
.Fn pthread_cond_timedwait .
Only when a condition variable is known to be quiescent may an application
change the mutex associated with it.
In this implementation, none of the functions enforce this requirement, but
if the mutex is not held or independent mutexes are used the resulting
behaviour is undefined.
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh RETURN VALUES
If successful, all functions return zero.
Otherwise, an error number will be returned to indicate the error.
.Sh ERRORS
The
.Fn pthread_cond_init
function may fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The value specified by
.Fa attr
is invalid.
.El
.Pp
.\" -----
The
.Fn pthread_cond_destroy
function may fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EBUSY
The variable
.Fa cond
is locked by another thread.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The value specified by
.Fa cond
is invalid.
.El
.Pp
.\" -----
Both
.Fn pthread_cond_broadcast
and
.Fn pthread_cond_signal
may fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The value specified by
.Fa cond
is invalid.
.El
.Pp
.\" -----
Both
.Fn pthread_cond_wait
and
.Fn pthread_cond_timedwait
may fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The value specified by
.Fa cond
or the value specified by
.Fa mutex
is invalid.
.It Bq Er EPERM
The value specified by
.Fa mutex
was not locked in the condition wait.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_cond_timedwait
function may additionally fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er ETIMEDOUT
The system time has reached or exceeded the time specified in
.Fa abstime .
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr pthread 3 ,
.Xr pthread_barrier 3 ,
.Xr pthread_condattr 3 ,
.Xr pthread_mutex 3 ,
.Xr pthread_rwlock 3 ,
.Xr pthread_spin 3
.Sh STANDARDS
These functions conform to
.St -p1003.1-2001 .